SMPS

Buck, boost, or buck-boost? The right topology depends on whether your input voltage can ever exceed your output. Includes SEPIC and 4-switch designs.

PCB layout is as critical as component selection for buck converters. Learn the switching loop, SW node size, input cap placement, and thermal rules.

A boost converter steps up voltage by storing energy in an inductor, then releasing it at higher voltage. Here's how duty cycle sets Vout and when to use one.

A buck converter steps down voltage using a switching MOSFET and LC filter. Learn how duty cycle sets Vout, CCM vs DCM, and key component selection pitfalls.